Crowd Disaster in Mina/Mecca on September 24, 2015
With great sadness I have learned about the crowd disaster in Mina, close to Mecca.
In response to media requests, I can say that I have not been involved in consultancy on Mina and Mecca for many years and that many things have been reorganized in the meantime.
Prof. Dirk Helbing
Further information can be found here:
- external page Salon.com: In a big crowd, as at the hajj, danger can come on quickly
- external page Wired.com: The Hajj Stampede Is a Fluid Dynamics Problem
- external page Spiegel.de: Massenpanik beim Hadsch: Mekka Forscher Dirk Helbing erklaert wie es zur Massenpanik kam
- external page Uni-Hamburg.de: Unfall im Mina-Tal, Saudi Arabien
- COSS.ethz.ch: The Dynamics of Crowd Disasters: An Empirical Study
Scientific literature related to the subject:
D. Helbing, A. Johansson (2010) Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science 16, 6476-6495.
A. Johansson, D. Helbing, H. Z. A-Abideen, and S. Al-Bosta (2008) external page From crowd dynamics to crowd safety: A video-based analysis. Advances in Complex Systems 11(4), 497-527.
D. Helbing and P. Mukerji (2012) external page Crowd disasters as systemic failures: Analysis of the Love Parade Disaster. EPJ Data Science 2012, 1:7
D. Helbing, I. J. Farkás, P. Molnár, and T. Vicsek (2002) external page Simulation of pedestrian crowds in normal and evacuation situations. Pages 21-58 in: M. Schreckenberg and S. D. Sharma (eds.) external page Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (Springer, Berlin).
D. Helbing, I. Farkas, and T. Vicsek (2000) external page Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. Nature 407, 487-490.
M. Moussaïd, D. Helbing, and G. Theraulaz (2011) external page How simple rules determine pedestrian behavior and crowd disasters. PNAS 108 (17) 6884-6888.
D. Helbing, A. Johansson, J. Mathiesen, M.H. Jensen, and A. Hansen (2006) external page Analytical approach to continuous and intermittent bottleneck flows. Physical Review Letters 97, 168001.
M. Moussaïd, N. Perozo, S. Garnier, D. Helbing, and G. Theraulaz (2010) external page The walking behaviour of pedestrian social groups and its impact on crowd dynamics. PLoS One 5(4), e10047.